Impressionism: The Radical Revolution of Light

1. 1

   Foundations and the Salon des Refusés

   • The Hegemony of the Académie des Beaux-Arts
   • 1863: The Catalyst of the Salon des Refusés
   • Haussmann’s Renovation of Paris and Urban Modernity
   • The Influence of Japanese Ukiyo-e Woodblock Prints
2. 2

   Optics and the Science of Color

   • Chevreul’s Law of Simultaneous Contrast
   • Broken Color Technique and Optical Mixing
   • The Physics of Light: Refraction and Spectral Analysis
   • Shadow Composition: The Rejection of Bitumen and Black
   • Chromoluminarism and the Path to Neo-Impressionism
3. 3

   Technical Innovations and Materiality

   • The Invention of the Metal Paint Tube
   • Synthetic Pigments: Cobalt Blue and Viridian
   • Impasto and Scumbling: Textural Variations
   • The Portable Easel and the Rise of En Plein Air
4. 4

   Claude Monet: The Seriality of Vision

   • Early Caricatures and Boudin’s Mentorship
   • The Gare Saint-Lazare: Industrial Atmosphere
   • Haystacks and Poplars: The Study of Ephemerality
   • The Rouen Cathedral Series: Light as Subject
   • The Giverny Years and the Grandes Décorations
   • Cataracts and the Evolution of Late-Style Abstraction
5. 5

   Renoir and the Human Impression

   • Porcelain Painting Roots and Rococo Influence
   • The Social Fabric of the Bal du moulin de la Galette
   • Dappled Light and the Female Nude
   • The 1880s Crisis and the 'Ingresque' Period
6. 6

   Degas and the Mechanics of Movement

   • The Flâneur and the Voyeuristic Lens
   • Asymmetrical Composition and Photographic Cropping
   • The Opera Ballet: Behind the Scenes of Labor
   • Innovation in Pastel and Monotype Techniques
   • The Little Fourteen-Year-Old Dancer: Sculpture as Realism
7. 7

   The Female Impressionists

   • Berthe Morisot: Domesticity and Fluidity
   • Mary Cassatt: The Maternal Bond and Printmaking
   • Marie Bracquemond: The Forgotten Impressionist
   • Gender Constraints in 19th-Century Artistic Training
8. 8

   Pissarro, Sisley, and the Rural Landscape

   • Camille Pissarro: The Anarchist Patriarch
   • Alfred Sisley: The Purest Impressionist
   • The Pointoise Circle and Collaborative Practice
9. 9

   Caillebotte and the Urban Perspective

   • Paris Street; Rainy Day: Radical Perspective
   • The Floor Scrapers: Realism Meets Impressionism
   • Caillebotte as Patron and Collector of the Movement
10. 10

    The Eight Exhibitions (1874–1886)

    • The Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers
    • Critical Reception: Louis Leroy and the 'Impression' Insult
    • Internal Schisms and the Departure of Monet
    • The Final 1886 Show: The Arrival of Seurat
11. 11

    Global Expansion and Legacy

    • American Impressionism: Chase and Hassam
    • The Australian Heidelberg School
    • Transitioning to Post-Impressionism: Cézanne’s Structure
    • Impressionism’s Impact on 20th-Century Abstraction
    • The Market Evolution: Durand-Ruel and the Art Dealer Model

11 sections · 47 units · 235 levels. Built to play, not to enroll.